pH++Acid+Rain

= pH...A Measurement of Acids and Bases in our world = =Acid Rain: 21st Century problem persisting in out industrialized world.= Essential Questions: How do you measure liquids to test acidity? =**Safety Precautions: **=
 * Always wear safety goggles when testing the pH of chemicals. **

Think what this could do to your eyes!** **. Other types of chemicals will react with metals to form hydrogen gas** **Do you have an acid or a base or a neutral solution?** Use litmus paper to decide.
 * Some chemicals will make hair disappear. [[image:Picture_005.jpg width="172" height="227"]]

**Test One: Litmus Paper** Background:

**Litmus Paper will test only for an acid or base**.

 * ===Acids turn **blue litmus ** **red ** and r**ed litmus** just gets wet.===
 * ===Bases turn **red litmus ** **blue ** and **blue litmus ** just get wet.===
 * =What color will water turn litmus paper? Both colors of litmus just get wet with water. [[image:litmus_large.jpg width="328" height="248" align="left"]]=

Directions:

 * 1) Use a glass stirring rod to get a drop of liquid to put on the litmus paper.
 * 2) Squeeze a drop from the bottles to put on the litmus paper.
 * 3) Record your results on your foldable.
 * 4) Carefully share chemicals; keep your area clean.
 * 5) Do not waste paper; use one strip for 3-4 chemicals if you can keep the test droplets from mixing..

Foldable: Neural is in the middle cut.

Data (first put this on another paper)
||~ **Blue Litmus ** ||~ Acid/Base/Neutral ?? || with wide range paper Scale Number? || CH 3 COOH ||  ||   ||   ||   || or HCl ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || Test || Test || Conclusion ||= pH ||
 * ~ Substance ||~ Red litmus
 * H 2 O ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Vinegar ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Acetic Acid or
 * Water ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * NaCl (aq) ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Baking Soda ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * NaHCO 3 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Hydrochloric Acid

__Test Two: Wide Scale pH Paper __ =**__Problem__: Are there differences in strengths of acids and bases? **= =__BACKGROUND:__= =How can you rate acids and bases ?= =Wide scale pH paper allows you to rate acids on a number line. Each color gives a number for the pH.= 1. Make a number line, 0 to 14 on a foldable. 7 is neutral. <7 is an acid. > 7 is a base. 2. Fold the paper in half. 0 -3.5- 7 -10.514 - - acids- neutral -bases-
 * __Directions: __**


 * ===Folding the paper into 1/4 ths will give you the strong acids and strong bases.===
 * ===The acids and bases close to neutral are the weakest.===
 * ===pH 3.5 separates the acids and 10.5 separates the bases.===

3. Now when you test your chemicals, you can place them on your pH number line.

4. This pH paper changes many colors depending on the pH. The only difference from litmus testing is the results. 5. Each pH paper will have a color chart to let you identify the sample's pH by color and number. 6. Record the number on your chart and them make the pH scale on the foldable neat. 7. Now list properties of acids and bases that would let you predict chemicals pH. ||= **Base Properties ** || || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">pH > 7 ** || are acids ** || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">Taste Very Bitter...Makes you pucker ** || ** || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">Washing mouth out with soap is bitter ** || ** || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">Too many OH -1 ions ** || make hydrogen gas ** || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">Can dissolve hair and varnish type paints ** || a base ** || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">Can be used to neutralize an acid ** || a base until you get a pH of 7 ** || **<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(10, 21, 169);">Anti - acids for heartburn ** || ** ||   ||
 * = <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);">**Acid Properties**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">pH < 7
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Taste Sour many foods
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Sour candy
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Too many H +1 ions
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Reacts with metals to
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Can be used to neutralize
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Makes a water and a salt when added to
 * **<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(219, 15, 15);"><span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(178, 10, 10);">Can clean concrete off bricks.





=<span style="display: block; font-size: 180%; color: rgb(218, 51, 7); text-align: center;">Math Connections = <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(237, 56, 12); text-align: left; font-size: 150%;">Remember exponents and scientific notation? Here is an application. Scientists chose to use a scale to replace even scientific notation because they measure the pH of so many solutions. Each number on the pH scale changes by a factor of 10. A pH of 1 is 10 times stronger than a pH of 2. and 1 million times stronger than a neutral solution of pH 7. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; color: rgb(213, 54, 16); text-align: right; display: block;">